'Shepherd's pie' and 'cottage pie' are well-known English dishes that are often confused. What is the difference? They are essentially the same dish, but shepherd's pie contains lamb while cottage pie contains beef.

“Shepherd's pie”和“cottage pie”是众所周知的英国菜，但经常被混淆。有什么不同？它们本质上是相同的菜肴，但牧羊人派包含羊肉，而小屋派包含牛肉。

Cottage pie is a dish that originated when potatoes were introduced to Britain. Potatoes became popular with peasants who usually lived in cottages, hence the name. Back then, cottage pie could be made with lamb or beef. The name 'shepherd's pie' for the dish made with lamb was not introduced until around 100 years later.

Cottage pie 是土豆传入英国时起源的一道菜。土豆开始受到通常住在村舍里的农民的欢迎，因此得名。那时候，农家派可以用羊肉或牛肉做成。直到大约 100 年后，用羊肉制作的菜肴才被命名为“牧羊人派”。

In France, Shepherd's pie and cottage pie are both known as 'hachis Parmentier'. It is named after the man who encouraged the eating of potatoes in France. 'Hachis' is derived from the old  English word 'hachet' which describes a dish that contains chopped or minced ingredients.

在法国，牧羊人派和小屋派都被称为“hachis Parmentier”。它以在法国鼓励吃土豆的人的名字命名。 “Hachis”源自古英语单词“hachet”，它描述了一种包含切碎或切碎成分的菜肴。

The dish is easy to cook and the ingredients vary with personal taste. Generally, we start by frying sliced ​​onions, perhaps with chopped vegetables like carrots, turnips, celery or leeks. These are set aside when cooking ground beef or lamb. Once the meat is browned, the meat and vegetables are mixed in a casserole, with flour, dried herbs and a little stock. At the same time, boil potatoes until tender. Then the potatoes are mashed and placed on top of the meat and vegetable mixture. Sometimes a little grated Cheddar cheese is sprinkled on top. The casserole is placed in a hot oven (180oC) for about 30 minutes. The dish is served on its own or with additional boiled vegetables and gravy.

这道菜很容易煮，配料因个人口味而异。一般来说，我们先炒洋葱片，也许还有胡萝卜、萝卜、芹菜或韭菜等切碎的蔬菜。这些在烹饪碎牛肉或羊肉时被搁置一旁。肉变成褐色后，将肉和蔬菜与面粉、干香草和少许高汤混合在砂锅中。同时，将土豆煮至变软。然后将土豆捣碎并放在肉和蔬菜混合物的顶部。有时会在上面撒上一点磨碎的切达干酪。将砂锅放入热烘箱 (180oC) 中约 30 分钟。这道菜可以单独食用，也可以与额外的煮蔬菜和肉汁一起食用。